亚博真人

　　DITANSHEHUISHISHIYINGQUANQIUQIHOUBIANHUA，YOUXIAOJIANGDITANPAIFANGDEYIZHONGXINXINGJINGJISHEHUIXINGTAI。ZUOWEIDAOJIASIXIANGJIDACHENGDE《ZHUANGZI》YUNHANZHEFENGFUDEHUANJINGZHEXUESIXIANG， QIZHONGWULUNSHIZUIWEIJIZHONGDEBUFEN。《ZHUANGZI》WULUNDUIYUJIANSHEDITANJINGJI、DITANZHENGZHI、DITANSHENGHUO、DITANWENHUAYOUZHESHENKEDEQISHI。

　　YI、《ZHUANGZI》TIANRENGUANYUDITANJINGJI。

　　1、“GONGHUTIANERLANGHUREN”: DITANSHENGCHANDEMUBIAO。ZAITIANRENGUANXISHANG，《ZHUANGZI》FANKEYIRENWEI，RENWEI“WUBUSHENGTIANJIUYI”(《DAZONGSHI》)，ERLIJIEZHEIYIDAOLI， CAINENGZUODAOANSHICHUSHUN，FOUZE，“WUYOUJIEZHI”。ZAI《ZHUANGZI》KANLAI，“RENYUTIANYI”WANQUANSHIKENENGDE，YINWEI“YOUREN，TIANYE;YOUTIAN，YITIANYE”(《SHANMU》)，BINGFEISUOYOUDERENWEIDOUBUHETIANXING，DANZHIYOU“QUANREN”NENGGOUZUODAO“GONGHUTIANERLANGHUREN”(《GENGSANGCHU》)，YIJIZUODAOJINGTONGTIANRANERYOUSHANZHANGRENSHI。CONGTIANRENGUANXISHANGKAN，DITANSHENGCHANFANGSHISHIYI“GONGHUTIANERLANGHUREN”WEIMUBIAODE。DITANJINGJIDESHIZHISHIGAOXIAOLIYONGNENGYUAN、KAIFAQINGJIENENGYUAN、ZHUIQIULVSEGDP，ZHUIQIUDESHIWUZHISHENGCHANLIYUKONGQIHUANJINGZHILIANGDESHUANGYING。

　　2、“WUWUERBUWUYUWU”: DITANSHENGCHANDUIGONGYEWENMINGDEHUIYING。RUHEDUIDAITIANRENGUANXI，KEYIJINYIBUHAIYUANWEIYIGERUHEDAIWUDEWENTI。《ZHUANGZI》DAIWUYOUSANZHONGJINGJIE: “ YUWUXIANGYU”(《DAZONGSHI》、《ZEYANG》)、“WUWUERBUWUYUWU”(《SHANMU》)、“ HUAYUWANWU” ( YIJI“ NEISHENGWAIWANG”， CONGDAODEGAODUCHUFA， YIJINGSHENHUAYUWANWU)。CONGDAIWUCENGMIANKAN，DITANSHENGCHANSHIDADAO“HUAYUWANWU” LIXIANGJINGJIEDEYIGEQIAOLIANG。YUANSHIWENMING、NONGGENGWENMINGCHUYU“YUWUXIANGYU”JIEDUAN，JINTIANDEGONGYEWENMINGRENGCHUYU“WUWUERWUYUWU”DEJIEDUAN，ZAIZHEIYIJIEDUAN，WUDEFANZHUTIXINGBIAOXIANDETEBIEMINGXIAN， ZIRANHUANJINGWENTIYOUQISHIQUANQIUQIHOUWENTITUXIAN。WEILEHUIYINGZHEIYIKUNJING，JIANGOUDITANSHEHUIDEHUSHENGGAOZHANG。DITANSHENGCHANYIN“WUWUERWUYUWU”ERQI，YAOJIEJUEDESHI“WUWUERBUWUYUWU”，BINGWEI“HUAYUWANWU”DIANDINGJICHU。

　　3、“ZIHUA”、“TIANJUN”: DITANSHENGCHANLIDETEZHENG。RUHEDAIWU，GUANJIANZHICHUZAIYULIJIEWUDEYUNDONG———WUHUA。《ZHUANGZI》RENWEIWUHUADEJIBENTEZHENGSHIZIHUA(《ZAIYOU》: “TUCHUWUWEI， ERWUZIHUA”)， YIJISHIWUYUNDONGDELILIANGLAIZIYUWUZISHEN，BUJIARENLI。QICI，WUHUASHIYIGEWUZHIYIBUTONGXINGTAIXUNHUANWANGFUDEGUOCHENG， ZHUANGZICHENGZHIWEI“TIANJUN”。CONGWUHUAGUANKAN，“ZIHUA”、“TIANJUN”KEYIZUOWEIDITANSHENGCHANLIDETEZHENG。ZAIXIANDAIXINGDEGONGYEWENMINGTIAOJIANXIA， SHENGCHANLIDEDAOLEJIDATISHENG，WUZHIZAIRENWEIDEGANYUXIAJIASUYUNDONG，TONGSHIYOUYURENLEIDETANLANYUWUZHI， QIYUNDONGPIANLILE“TIANJUN”ZHUANGTAI，ZHISHIKECHIXUFAZHANDELIANTIAODUANLIE。JIUERYANGHUATANDENGWENSHIQITIERYAN，QIPAIFANGLIANGYIJINGCHAOGUOLEHUANJINGSUONENGXISHOUDEDU， ZAOCHENGQUANQIUQIHOUJUBIAN，YANZHONGYINGXIANGDAORENLEIDESHENGCUN。RENLEISUOHUYUJINXINGDEXINNENGYUANJISHU、JIANPAIJISHUCHUANGXIN、CHANYEJIEGOUCHUANGXINDENGFANGMIANDEGENBENXINGZHUANBIAN，WUBUDAIYOU“ZIHUA”、“TIANJUN”DETEZHENG。

　　ER、《ZHUANGZI》RENSHENGLUNYUDITANSHENGHUO。

　　1、“WANSHENYANGSHENG”: DITANYUJINGZHONGSHENGMINGDEYIYI。《ZHUANGZI》YI“WANSHENYANGSHENG”WEIRENSHENGZUIJIBENDEMUBIAO。《ZHUANGZI》DEYANGSHENGJINGQIANGDIAO“YUWUWEIYIERTONGQIBO”，“BUYIRENWULIHAIXIANGYING”(《GENGSANGCHU》)。“WANSHENYANGSHENG”，BAOKUO“WANSHEN”HE“YANGSHENG”LIANGGEFANGMIAN。“WANSHEN”，SHUODESHILUANSHIZHISHIDESHEHUISHENGHUOFANGSHI， FANDUI“WEISHENQISHENGYIXUNWU”(《RANGWANG》)。“YANGSHENG”SHUODESHIWUZHIDESHENGHUOFANGSHI， RENWEIBAOYANGJIANKANGDEXINGTIXUYAOYOUYIDINGDEWUZHIJICHU， DANWUZHIYOUYUQUEMEIYOUYANGHAOXINGTIDEQINGXINGYECUNZAI。XIANDAIXINGDEGONGYEWENMINGYUNHANZHE“WUDEZENGZHIHERENDEBIANZHI”DEMAODUN，ZHEIYIMAODUNJIHUADEHOUGUODUIYURENLEILAISHUO， YISHIZAIDUIWUDEZHENGDUOZHONGDALIANGSHENGMINGBEIQIANGHAI， ERSHIZAIDUIWUDEGUODUXIAOFEIZHONGSHENTIBEIQIANGHAI。WEISHENMEYAOTICHANGDITANSHENGHUOFANGSHI? JIYUZHEIYANGYIGESHISHI: RENLEIQIWANGNENGSHENGCUNXIAQU。YOUSHI，SHENGMINGDEYIYIYOUMIANXIANGHEHUIGUISHENGMINGBENSHEN。《ZHUANGZI》“WANSHENYANGSHENG”DEGUISHENGLILUN，POUXILEQIANGHAISHENGMINGDEYINYOU，ZHANGYANGLESHENGMINGBENSHENDEJIAZHI，DUIDITANYUJINGXIAFANSISHENGMINGDEJIAZHIHEYIYIYOUZHESHENKEDEQISHI。

　　2、“SHENGYETIANXING，QISIYEWUHUA”: ZIRANDEDITANSHENGHUOTAIDU。《ZHUANGZI》RENSHENGLUNJIANGOUZAIDUI“TIAN”YU“WU”GUANXIRENSHIDEJICHUSHANG。JIURENSHENGZUIZHONGDADESHENGSIWENTIERYAN，《ZHUANGZI》RENWEI，YAOTUOSHANCHULI“TIANXING”YU“WUHUA”DEGUANXI，ZUIJIADEZHUANGTAISHIXIANGSHENGRENNEIYANG“SHENGYETIANXING，QISIYEWUHUA”(《KEYI》)。DITANSHENGHUODAIBIAOZHEGENGJIANKANG、GENGZIRANDESHENGHUO， YINERYESHIYIZHONGDIXIAOHAO、DICHENGBENDESHENGHUOFANGSHI。《ZHUANGZI》ZHUZHANG“TIANDIYUWOBINGSHENG，ERWANWUYUWOWEIYI”，YIPINGDENGZHUYIQINGHUAIKANDAIWANWU， BAGERENZHISHENYUZIRANZHIZHONG，YAOQIUGERENDESHENGMINGANZHAO“SHENGYETIANXING，QISIYEWUHUA”DEZIRANGUILVYUNXING，ZUIHOUYOUHUIGUIZIRAN。YUYAN“ZHUANGZIJIANGSI”JIANGSHUZHUANGZIFANDUIHOUZANG，RENWEIZIJIYOUTIANDI、RIYUE、XINGCHENDENG“WANWUWEIJISONG”(《LIEYUKOU》)， YIJINGDEQISUOZAI。WUYI，ZHEISHIYIZHONGZIRANDEDITANSHENGHUOTAIDU。

　　3、“ZHIDAODALIMINGQUAN”、“HAIYIWUYUREN”: DITANSHENGHUOFANGSHIDEXINGDONGFANGAN。《ZHUANGZI》RENWEI，JINGUANTIANDAO“WUWEIERZUN”，RENDAO“YOUWEIERLEI”，DANSHISHEQIRENDAOYESHIBUKENENG，YINWEI“WUZHE，MOZUWEIYE，ERBUKEBUWEI”(《ZAIYOU》)。RUCIKANLAI，WUHAIYUWULEISHIZAIWUFABIMIAN。DUICI，《ZHUANGZI》TICHUDEFANGANSHI“ZHIDAODALIMINGQUAN”(《QIUSHUI》)HE“HAIYIWUYUREN”(《YUFU》): DUIYUWAIWUDESHANGHAI，YINGTONGDASHILIYISUIJIYINGBIAN;DUIYUWAIWUDEQIANLEI，YINGGESHOUQIZHEN，BAWUHAIJIWU， BARENHAIJIREN。RUHEJIANXINGDITANSHENGHUOFANGSHI? 《ZHUANGZI》DEQISHISHI: SHOUXIANSHIZHIYUDAO，LINGHUIXIANDAIXINGGONGYEWENMINGSHIDAIDESHENGMINGZHIDAO，RANGSHENGMINGDEYIYIHUIGUIDAOSHENGMINGBENSHEN， ZENGQIANGJIANXINGDITANSHENGHUOFANGSHIDEZIJUEXING;QICISHIDAYULI、MINGYUQUAN，TONGXIAOWENSHIQITIZAOCHENGDEWEIHAI、JILIHEYINGDUIFANGSHI， ZENGQIANGJIANXINGDITANSHENGHUOFANGSHIDEKEXUEXING;ERZUIZHONGYAO、ZUIGENBENDESHIQIANGDIAOQISHIJIANXING，ZHENZHENGZUODAO“HAIYIWUYUREN”，RANGWUHERENDOUHUIGUIBENSHEN，HUIGUIDAOZIRANZHUANGTAI。

　　SAN、《ZHUANGZI》LISHIGUAN、ZHENGZHIGUANYUDITANZHENGZHI。

　　1、“TONGYUQINSHOUJU，ZUYUWANWUBING”: DITANZHENGZHIDESHEHUIXUANZE。ZHUANGZISUOCHUDESHIDAI，“SHIYUDAOJIAOXIANGSANGYE”(《SHANXING》)， SHIDIANXINGDELUANSHI，“ZISANDAIYIXIAZHE， TIANXIAHEQIXIAOXIAOYE”(《PIANMU》)。ZHUANGZILIXIANGDEZHISHISHIYUANZAIXIASHANGZHOUSANDAIZHIQIANDE“ZHIDEZHISHI”(《QUQIE》、《MATI》) HE“JIANDEZHIGUO”(《SHANMU》): “WANWUQUNSHENG，LIANSHUQIXIANG;QINSHOUCHENGQUN，CAOMUSUIZHANG”，“TONGYUQINSHOUJU，ZUYUWANWUBING”(《MATI》)。XIANRAN，《ZHUANGZI》YICHUANSHUOZHONGDEYUANGUSHENGWANGSUOZAIZHISHIYIJIWENMINGSHANGWEIKAIHUADEBIANCHUIZHIDIZUOWEILIXIANGSHIJIEDEDIANFAN， SUOCHIDESHIYIZHONGXIANGHOUKANDELISHIGUAN。DANCONGDITANDESHIYEKAN，ZHEIZHONGSHEHUIXUANZEQUESHIHELIDE。ZAI《ZHUANGZI》DELIXIANGSHEHUI，YONGYOULIANGHAODESHENGTAIHUANJING， SHIJUEDUIDELINGTANSHEHUI。YINCI， DITANSHEHUIDEGOUJIANZAISHENGTAISHANGXUYAOXIANGMENGMEISHIDAIHUIGUI， ERZHEIYESHIGONGYEWENMINGSHIDAIRENLEIZHONGXUMIANDUIDEYIZHONGZHENGZHIXUANZE。

　　2、“TIANXIAMOBUYIWUYIQIXING”: DITANZHENGZHIMIANLINDEKUNJING。SANDAIYILAIDESHIDAOWEIHEBURUSHANGGUSHIDAI? 《ZHUANGZI》SHOUXIANBAZERENTUIDAOLE“WU”ZHISHANG: “ZISANDAIYIXIAZHE，TIANXIAMOBUYIWUYIQIXINGYI。” (《PIANMU》) CICHUSUOWEIDE“WU”， ZHIDESHIZHURU“XIAORENZHILI”、“SHIZHIMING”、“DAFUZHIJIA”、“SHENGRENZHITIANXIA” ZHILEIDE“ZHENGZHISHIYE”。JINGUANGUIMOBUTONG，DANZUOWEISHENWAIZHIWUERMISHIRENDEBENXINGQUEYIWUERZHI， QIJIEGUOSHI“TIANXIAJINXUN”。《ZHUANGZI》BUKENENGDUIXIANDAIGERENZHUYI、SHANGPINBAIWUJIAO、XIAOFEIZHUYIJINXINGPIPAN， DANZHIZHIJIEJISHEHUIHEWENMINGSHIJIEDEZHENGZHIBIDUAN，DUIYUDANGJINSHEHUIDEWUHUA、YIHUAXIANXIANGYOUZHETONGYANGDEPIPANXINGYIYI。JINGJIDEZENGZHANGSHIXIANDANGDAIGUOJIASUOZHUIQIUDEZUIDAZHENGZHI， ERZHENGSHIJINGJIZENGZHANGLUNZHEIYIXIANDAIXINGFAZHANLINIANJIAJULEHUANJINGPOHUAI、ZIYUANHAOFEI，SHIDEGONGYEWENMINGSHIDAIDERENLEICHUYUZHUANZHEDIANSHANG。DITANSHEHUISHIGOUJIANXUYAOZAIZHENGZHISHANGBAITUO“SANGJIYUWU”DEJIASUO，ERQIETANZHENGZHIDEGENBENMUDEYEBUSHIZHENGDUOZAIGUOJIJINGJIGEJUZHONGDEHUAYUQUAN。ZHEIXIEFANGMIANWUYIYESHIDITANZHENGZHIMIANLINDEKUNJING。

　　3、“WENZAIYOUTIANXIA，BUWENZHITIANXIA”: DITANZHENGZHIDEYUNZUOLINIAN。ZAIZHENGZHISHANG，《ZHUANGZI》CONGGENBENSHANGFOUDING“ZHITIANXIA”DEGUANNIAN，RENWEISHITIANXIAZIZAIKUANSONGCAISHIZHENGDAO(《ZAIYOU》: “WENZAIYOUTIANXIA，BUWENZHITIANXIA”)。SHIZAIBUDEYIYAOTONGZHITIANXIA，HAIBURUCAIQUWUWEIZHIDAO。CONGWUDEJIAODULAIKAN，ZHEIZHONGWUWEIZHIDAOJIUSHI“SHUNWUZIRANERWURONGYUSIYAN”，“HUADAIWANWUERMINFUSHI， YOUMOJUMING， SHIWUZIXI”， “ SHENGWUERBUSHANG” (《YINGDIWANG》)。GUOJIAZUOWEIYIGEDAWU，BUNENGSUIYIDANGBEICHENGYIGEWUZHIPEI， ZHILITIANXIABAIXINGTONGYANGRUCI(《ZAIYOU》: “MINGHUWUWUZHEZHIFEIWUYE，QIDUZHITIANXIABAIXINGERYIZAI! ”)。《ZHUANGZI》“ZAIYOUTIANXIA”DEZHENGZHIGUANSHIXIANDAILIXINGZHUYIDEZHENGZHIGUANDEFANMIANHEJINGJIAN，TANEIZAIDIBAOHANLEZIYOU、PINGDENG、KUANRONGDENGJIAZHIYINZI。ZAIWEIRAO“TANPAIFANGQUAN”ZHANKAIDEQUANQIUZHENGZHIBOYIZHONG，CONG“ZAIYOUTIANXIA”DEZHENGZHIGUANYINSHENCHULAIDEDITANZHENGZHIYUNZUOLINIANYINGGAIJUYOUKUANGUANGDE“TIANXIA”(QUANQIU)SHIYE，JUYOUWUSI、PINGDENG、KUANRONGDEPINZHI，JUYOUQUFAZIRAN、TIANRENHEYIDEQINGHUAI。

　　SI、《ZHUANGZI》WULUNYUDITANWENHUA。

　　1、“WANWUBILUO”ZHIDAO: DITANWENHUADEJINGSUI。《TIANXIA》SHIYIPIANZONGKUOZHUZIBAIJIAWULUNDEWULUN。ZAI《TIANXIA》PIANZHONG，ZHUANGZIXUEPAITICHUZIJIDE“WANWUBILUO”ZHIDAO: QISHIZHISHIYIDAOTONGWU;QINEIHANSHI“NEISHENGWAIWANG”，YIJI“PEISHENMING，CHUNTIANDI，YUWANWU，HETIANXIA，ZEJIBAIXING”;QIYAOQIUSHI“MINGYUBENJIAO，XIYUMODU”，YIJIRENMENJIYAOSHENTONGZUOWEISHIWUGENBENDEDAO， YEYAOLEJIESHIWUDEXIZHIMOJIE，ZUODAOERZHEDETONGYI;QIGUANJIANSHIYAOQIURENMENRUHEBUZHIYU“PANTIANDIZHIMEI，XIWANWUZHILI”。DITANWENHUAGUANSHEDITANSHEHUIDEXIANGZHENGXINGCENGMIAN， CONGZHEXUEDEJIAODUKEYILIJIEWEIZHONGZHONGDITANXIANXIANGSUOYUNHAN、TIXIANDEJINGSHEN。CICHUZHUANGZIZHIDAOCHANMINGLEYIDAOTONGWUDESHIZHI、NEIHAN、YAOQIUHEGUANJIAN， ZHAOSHIDITANSHEHUIDEFAZHANXUYAOJINXINGYIDAOTONGWU、YIJINGSHENJIAYUSHEHUIDEWENHUAYUNZUO，KEYIKANZUOSHIDITANWENHUADEJINGSUI。

　　2、“YINGYUHUAERJIEYUWU”: DITANWENHUADEZHUYAOJIAZHIGUANNIAN。ZHUANGZIXUEPAIDUIRUJIA、MOJIA、FAJIA、MINGJIADEWULUNJINXINGLEXITONGDEPIPAN。ERZHUANGZIZHIXUE，“YINGYUHUAERJIEYUWU”， ZAIXISHOU、PIPANQITAGEJIASIXIANGDEJICHUSHANG， GOUJIANLEZIJIDUTEDEQIWULUNHEWAIWULUN， DUIYUDAOHEWUDERENSHIBIQITAGEJIAGENGWEITONGTOU。SHISHISHANG，《ZHUANGZI》WULUNZHONGXUDUOJIAZHIGUANNIANYENENGZUOWEIDITANWENHUADEJIAZHIGUANNIAN。ZHEIXIEGUANNIANBAOKUO: GUISHENG(RU“AIREN”、“AIJI”)、PINGDENG(RUSHENDAODE“QIWANWUYIWEISHOU”)、KUANRONG(RULAOZIDE“KUANRONGYUWU，BUXUEYUREN”、SONGXINGHEYINWENDE“JIEWANWUYIBIEYOUWEISHI”)、JIEYUE(RUMOJIADE“BUCHIYUHOUSHI，BUMIYUWANWU”)DENG。DANGRAN，《ZHUANGZI》SUIYANGYIZHEPIPANJINGSHEN， DANQUEFAYONGYUTANSUOWANWUDEKEXUEJINGSHEN，YECUNYOUBIANDIJUTISHIWUDEQINGXIANG，ZHEIXIEDOUBUKEQU。

　　3、“YUTIANDIJINGSHENWANGLAI”: DITANYUJINGZHONGDEWENHUAZIJUE。《ZHUANGZI》GAODUSONGYANGRENDEWENHUAZIJUE，RENWEIRENZHIYOU“XINGQUANJINGFU”，“XINGJINGBUKUI”， CAINENGZUODAOYUTIANRANWANWUXIANGTUIYI(《DASHENG》)。DANTONGSHIYOURENWEI，RENLEIDUIWENHUADEZHUIQIURAOLUANLETIANXIAWANWUDEWUXING。ZHEIZHONGMAODUNTAIDUFAYINGCHUDANGSHIRENMENSHANGWEIDADAODAODEHEKEXUEDEWENHUAZIJUE，WEINENGZHENZHENGZUODAO“YUTIANDIJINGSHENWANGLAI”。DITANSHEHUISHIRENLEIZAIJINGLILEGONGYEWENMINGDEKUNJINGZHIHOUTICHULAIDEYIZHONGXINDEJINGJISHEHUIXINGTAI， ZUOWEICONGWENHUASHANGDUIGONGYEWENMINGFANSIHEPIPANDECHENGGUO， JUBEILEYIDINGCHENGDUSHANGDEWENHUAZIJUE。DANSHI，XIANGDUIYUSHEHUIJINBUDEYAOQIU，RENLEIHAIXUZAIDAODESUYANGHEKEXUEZHISHISHANGJINYIBUWANSHAN，DACHENGRENWENJINGSHENHEKEXUEJINGSHENDETONGYI。DAOBISHI， RENLEIJIAYUWUDESHUIPINGDADAOXIANGDANGGAODECENGMIAN，DITANSHEHUICAINENGZHENZHENGJIANCHENG。